Alfred陪你學測分科的部落格

Sir Archibald Garrod was a British biochemist and one of the pioneers of enzyme research in the early 20th century. He first proposed the concept of enzymes as specific biological catalysts in metabolic processes in 1902 and through his research, discovered the cause of inborn metabolic diseases.

Garrod's research focused on the mechanism of enzymes and inborn metabolic diseases, and he believed that these diseases were caused by enzyme deficiencies. He proposed a theory that enzyme deficiency leads to metabolic disorders and confirmed this theory through experiments. For example, he discovered a disease called "alkaptonuria," caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called "homogentisic acid oxidase."

Garrod's research made important contributions to the understanding of enzymes and metabolic processes and laid the foundation for future research on metabolic diseases. His research also provided valuable research directions for other biologists and chemists, allowing them to further understand the mechanisms of enzymes and metabolism. Thus, Garrod was a significant figure in enzyme research and made enormous contributions to the development of biology and medicine.

翻譯:

Sir Archibald Garrod是一位英國生物化學家，他是20世紀初酵素研究的先驅之一。他在1902年首先提出了酵素是代謝過程中特定的生物酵素的概念，並且通過他的研究發現了先天性代謝病的原因。

Garrod的研究主要集中在酵素的作用機制和先天性代謝病，他認為這些疾病是由於酵素缺陷引起的。他提出了一個酵素缺陷導致代謝紊亂的理論，並且通過實驗證明了這一理論。例如，他發現了一種叫做"alkaptonuria"的疾病，這是由於一種名為"homogentisic acid oxidase"的酵素缺陷引起的。

Garrod的研究對酵素和代謝過程的理解做出了重要的貢獻，並且為後來的代謝病研究奠定了基礎。他的研究還為其他生物學家和化學家提供了寶貴的研究方向，使他們能夠進一步瞭解酵素和代謝過程的機制。因此，Garrod是酵素研究的重要人物，並且對生物學和醫學的發展做出了巨大貢獻。

生物部分:
 細胞內 ATP／ADP 時有變化：
1 當細胞內 ATP／ADP 升高：表示細胞能量充足，促進細胞進行需能（耗能）的合成 （同化）反應，將小分子合成大分子儲存。
2 當細胞內 ATP／ADP 降低：表示細胞能量不足，促進細胞進行釋能（產能）的分解 （異化）反應，如動物細胞將大分子肝糖分解為小分子葡萄糖，葡萄糖再經由 4 呼吸 作用氧化產生能量，使 ADP 與 Pi 反應生成 ATP。